An Ontology of Dark Patterns Knowledge: Foundations, Definitions, and a Pathway for Shared Knowledge-Building
CHI '24: Proceedings of the CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems(2023)
Abstract
Deceptive and coercive design practices are increasingly used by companies to
extract profit, harvest data, and limit consumer choice. Dark patterns
represent the most common contemporary amalgamation of these problematic
practices, connecting designers, technologists, scholars, regulators, and legal
professionals in transdisciplinary dialogue. However, a lack of universally
accepted definitions across the academic, legislative and regulatory space has
likely limited the impact that scholarship on dark patterns might have in
supporting sanctions and evolved design practices. In this paper, we seek to
support the development of a shared language of dark patterns, harmonizing ten
existing regulatory and academic taxonomies of dark patterns and proposing a
three-level ontology with standardized definitions for 65 synthesized dark
patterns types across low-, meso-, and high-level patterns. We illustrate how
this ontology can support translational research and regulatory action,
including pathways to extend our initial types through new empirical work and
map across application domains.
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