Self-delivery of a metal-coordinated anti-angiogenic nanodrug with GSH depleting ability for synergistic chemo-phototherapy.

Synergistic chemo-phototherapy has offered tremendous potential in cancer treatment. Nevertheless, nanosystems usually suffer from the complexity of multicomponents (polymeric or inorganic materials), which results in carrier-related toxicity issues. Moreover, the GSH over-expression of tumor cells seriously compromises ROS therapeutic efficiency. Herein, we designed a self-delivered nanodrug Cu(II) coordination-driven co-self-assembly of celastrol (CST, a chemo-drug with anti-angiogenesis activity) and indocyanine green (ICG, a photosensitizer) for synergistic chemo-phototherapy with GSH depletion. The nanodrug was further cloaked by an erythrocyte membrane (RBC) to prolong the circulation time. Within the tumor microenvironment, the nanodrug would be disassembled upon intracellular GSH triggering. Moreover, the released Cu(II) could efficiently deplete the GSH, thus damaging the ROS-scavenging system and amplifying the phototherapeutic efficiency upon laser irradiation. The experiments validated the highly effective accumulation at tumor sites, potent tumor growth inhibition, and inappreciable systemic toxicity. The tumor microenvironment-responsive coordination-driven self-assembled biomimetic nanodrug may hold potential applications in tumor theranostics.