First Emergence of NDM-5 and OqxAB Efflux Pumps Among Multidrug-Resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae Isolated from Pediatric Patients in Assiut, Egypt.

The highly resistant producing type was firstly isolated from pediatric patients. The association of efflux pump genes such as is involved in resistance to ciprofloxacin. This highlighted the severity risk of -positive  as it could transfer to other bacteria and has more resistance against carbapenems. This underlines the importance of continuous monitoring of infection control guidelines, and the urgent need for a national antimicrobial stewardship plan in Egyptian hospitals.