A Review on Analytical Methods for Tigecycline Estimation From Its Bulk and Dosage Form

Background Tigecycline (TIG) is a third-generation glycylcycline derivative used as an antimicrobial and anticancer agent for the past few years. Its intricate structure makes it more vulnerable toward degradation under the influence of various environmental factors and leads to the generation of impurities. Due to its stability issues, TIG is available as a lyophilized powder for injection. The analysis of TIG becomes a cumbersome task for analysts due to its instability in solution form. As TIG works as a life-saving drug, it is important to review its analytical methods for its quality control.Objective The present review discusses various analytical methodologies for determining TIG from its bulk, lyophilized powder, pharmacopoeial methods and factors responsible for its instability.Methods The present review represents the analysis of data reported in the literature from 1999-2022 for the analysis of TIG.Results Numerous alternative analytical techniques such as UV-visible spectrophotometry, spectrofluorimetric methods, RP-HPLC (reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography) and FT-IR (Fourier transform infrared), and electrophoresis has been reported for quantification, identification, and characterization of TIG.Conclusions Several analytical techniques are available to be used as a quality control tool for tigecycline, including HPLC without derivatization, whereas the fluorescence technique requires derivatization using acidic dye. A few methods require tedious pre-sample preparation techniques, become time-consuming, and involve using one or more organic solvents; there is a need to develop eco-friendlier methods for analyzing tigecycline.Highlights Various analytical methods such as spectrometric, fluorimetric and chromatographic methods have been discussed for estimation of TIG from its bulk and different dosage form.