One-step preparation of functionalized superhydrophobic cotton fabric with self-cleaning and oil/water separation ability

In this study, a superhydrophobic cotton fabric decorated with zinc dodecanethiolate (denoted as Zn-DDT) and low-surface-energy polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) was prepared by a eco-friendly one-step dip-coating process. The Zn-DDT@PDMS coating endowed the fabric with rough structures and low surface energy, leading to the superhydrophobic surface. The exceptional water repellency and self-cleaning ability could be observed on the surface of the synthesized cotton fabric. Employing sandpapers with different meshes for abrasion test, excellent water repellency was remained after 300 cycles. The water contact angle of the proposed fabric was still above 150° when laundering test and ultrasonic treatment were respectively performed for a certain time. Consequently, the obtained fabric demonstrated outstanding superhydrophobic stability after enduring with diverse physical treatments. Additionally, the developed fabric also presented superior resistance to chemical treatments such as ultraviolet irradiation and corrosive solution immersion, indicating good chemical stability. The simulation test of gravity-driven oil/water separation was conducted with the fabric and manifested desirable separation efficiency of larger than 97.9% after 10 cycles. The mechanical and chemical stability of the fabric make it a prospective material utilized for future oil/water separation.