Hybrid Catheter Ablation and Surgical Ablation as a “Bail Out” Strategy in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation Resistant to Catheter Ablation

Atrial fibrillation (AF) can be highly symptomatic and treatment-resistant. Hybrid surgical ablation catheter ablation (HyCASA) combines initial surgical AF ablation and a concurrent or staged endocardial, catheter-based component. This study aimed to assess short-term (3 months) and longer-term (>12 months) outcomes and report any major adverse events.