Reduction of the external resonant magnetic perturbation threshold for 2/1 locked mode excitation by the pre-excited mode on J-TEXT

A significant reduction of the external resonant magnetic perturbation (RMP) required for exciting the locked mode (LM) has been observed experimentally due to the presence of an existing LM on J-TEXT. In a plasma with edge safety factor q (a) slightly smaller than 3, 3/1 and 2/1 modes are observed to be destabilized successively by a rotating RMP field. The 3/1 mode is excited first and identified as an external kink mode, whose excitation threshold decreases with the operating q (a) increasing from 2.67 to 2.8 with the absence of a 3/1 rational surface. Shortly after excitation of the 3/1 external kink mode, 2/1 field penetration occurs and the 2/1 mode is excited, as identified by the phase between the 2/1 magnetic response and the RMP field jumping by & pi;. The 2/1 mode is excited with a dominant kink structure and then converts into tearing mode for a duration of several milliseconds. During the excitation of the 2/1 mode, the phase difference between the 2/1 and 3/1 modes evolves from & pi; to around 0 and the 2/1 mode amplitude grows to a saturation value comparable with that of the 3/1 mode. The presence of the 3/1 mode leads to a remarkable reduction of the external RMP current required for the 2/1 mode excitation, which can be explained by the contribution of a 2/1 resonant field from the 3/1 mode via the toroidal coupling effect. The larger 3/1 mode amplitude can lead to a greater reduction. This work reveals that the mode can be excited more easily with a reduced amplitude of RMP or error field due to the impact of the pre-existing mode and this might be a new consideration for error field correlation predictions and active magnetohydrodynamics control actuator designs.