Use of devil fish (Pterygoplichthys spp.) flour in the organic fertilization of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.)

The devilfish (Pterygoplichthys spp.) has been reported as an invasive species in several ecosystems of the state of Chiapas, Mexico. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of the application times of devil fish flour (DFF) as a source of organic fertil-ization on Solanum lycopersicum L. var. Rio Grande under greenhouse conditions. Soil without flour (SDFF), soil and flour 15 days before transplanting (DFF15), and ground with flour at the transplanting time (DFF0), respectively, constituted the experiment. It was identified that DFF had high protein, ash, phosphorus, and potassium contents (46.22, 31.13, 3.43, and 2.3 %, respectively). Plant height showed a 13 % increase at 126 days after transplanting with DFF15, and a 52 % increase in stem thickness compared to SDFF. Foliage dry weight increased 5.8-fold in DFF0 and 1.8-fold for root length in DFF15. Also, DFF15 increased the chlorophyll content in tomato leaves by up to 39.8 %. DFF15 fruits were the only ones that achieved physiological and commercial maturity, meeting consumption criteria for polar and equatorial diameter, and lycopene content (5.7 and 5.2 cm, and 0.017 mg/g fruit fresh weight, respectively). The results obtained from the devilfish meal show its suitability for use as an organic fertilizer in agricultural production.