High-Speed and wideband multilevel Frequency-Hopping microwave signal generation based on a Sagnac loop

•The ability to generated multilevel frequency-hopping (FH) microwave signal.•The hopping rate is mainly associated with the bit rate of coding sequence, which can reach to order of GHz.•The design of Sagnac loop structure enhances the system robustness and the signal performance with better phase stability can be achieved.•The scheme features high FH speed, wideband and amenable to photonic integration, which may find applications in modern radar, wireless communication, and electronic countermeasures systems.