The effect of environmental citizenship and spiritual norms as mediators on students' environmental behaviour

This study aimed to determine the relationship between environmental citizenship and behaviour with spiritual norms serving as mediator among students at Syiah Kuala University (USK), Indonesia. A quantitative method employing a cross-sectional approach was used, with a sample of 200 students randomly selected from diverse majors. The results showed the existence of gender differences, with women displaying more consistent environmental behaviour. The inferential statistics indicated an influence of environmental citizenship on behaviour without and with spiritual norms as mediator variables at (& beta; = 0.606, p = 0.00) and (& beta; = 0.199, p = 0.00), respectively. Therefore, this study underscored the importance of spiritual norms as mediator variable for the relationship between environmental citizenship and students' behaviour.