3D geometry-based UAV to vehicle multiple-input multiple-output channel model incorporating Unmanned aerial vehicle heaving motion

Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) play a vital role in the beyond fifth-generation (B5G) and sixth-generation (6G) wireless communication scenarios. This paper proposes a non-stationary three-dimensional (3D) geometry-based multiple-input multiple-output channel model for UAV to vehicle (U2V) communications considering UAV heaving motion. The proposed model incorporates the effects of UAV heaving along with the rotation, acceleration, and 3D velocity variation for matching the realistic U2V communication scenarios. The computation methods for time variant channel parameters such as Doppler frequencies, angle of arrival, and angle of departure are given and analysed. The theoretical and statistical properties, including spatial temporal correlation function, TCF, level crossing rate, average fade duration, and Doppler power spectral density are derived and analysed aiming to evaluate the proposed model. Simulation results show that the output statistical characteristics agree with the hypothetical and simulated outcomes, which shows the validity of both the channel model and theoretical derivations.