Early sepsis in Australia and New Zealand: A point-prevalence study of haemodynamic resuscitation practices

Objective: Optimal resuscitation of sepsis-induced hypotension is uncertain, particularly the role of restrictive fluid strategies, leading to variability in usual practice. The objective of this study is to understand resuscitation practices in patients presenting to ED with early sepsis. Methods: Design, participants and setting: Prospective, observational, multicentre, single-day, pointprevalence study enrolling adult patients present in 51 Australian and New Zealand ICUs at 10.00 hours, 8 June 2021. Main outcome measures: Site-level data on sepsis policies and patient-level demographic data, presence of sepsis and fluid and vasopressor administration in the first 24 h post-ED presentation. Results: A total of 722 patients were enrolled. ED was the ICU admission source for 222 of 722 patients (31.2%) and 78 of 222 patients (35%) met the criteria for sepsiswithin 24 h of ED presentation. Median age of the sepsis cohort was 61 (48-72) years, 58% were male and respiratory infection was the commonest cause (53.8%). The sepsis cohort had a higher severity of illness than the non-sepsis cohort (144/222 patients) and chronic immunocompromise was more common. Of 78 sepsis patients, 55 (71%) received =1 fluid boluses with 500 and 1000 mL boluses equally common (both 49%). In the first 24 h, 2335 (1409-3125) mL (25.3 [13.2-42.9] mL/kg) was administered. Vasopressors were administered in 53 of 78 patients (68%) and for 25 patients (47%) administration was peripheral. Conclusions: ICU patients presenting to the ED with sepsis receive less fluids than current international recommendations and peripheral vasopressor administration is common. This finding supports the conduct of clinical trials evaluating optimal fluid dose and vasopressor timing for early sepsis-induced hypotension.