Evolution of Big Data Models from Hierarchical Models to Knowledge Graphs.

For resilient computing in a sustainable cyberphysical world, it is important to well manage data. Hence, in this paper, we examine the evolution of big data models. These database models include hierarchical models, network models, relational models, semantic models like entity-relationship (ER) models, semi-structure models, graph models like knowledge graphs. We trace the evolution of these database models, the concept, theories and diversity of ideas. We compare and contrast some of these models on the basis of how the inherent challenges in one model resulted in the evolution of another model. In particular, we study how the dynamic nature of the society has affected the most notable and successful relational database model.