Effects of smartphone addiction on cognitive function and physical activity in middle-school children: a cross-sectional study

Introduction: This study aimed to investigate the e ects of smartphone addiction on cognitive function and physical activity in middle-school children. Methods: A population of 196 children (boys and girls) from middle schools were recruited for this study with an average age of 12.99 +/- 0.81 years, a height of 153.86 +/- 6.50 meters, a weight of 48.07 +/- 7.31 kilograms, and a body mass index of 20.22 +/- 2.08 kg/m2. Smartphone addiction was determined using Arabic versions of the Smartphone Addiction Scale-Short Version, and physical activity levels were assessed by a physical activity questionnaire for older children. The working memory and selective attention domains of cognitive function were evaluated using a laptop screen's digital version of the memory automaticity and Flanker tasks, respectively. A one-way MANOVA was conducted to determine the di erences in working memory between the smartphone-addicted and nonaddicted groups. The relationship between smartphone addiction and physical activity was analyzed using Pearson's chi-squared test. Results: The cognitive function-attention domain accuracy component showed a statistically significant di erence between the groups, with a p-value of 0.05). The reaction time between smartphone-addicted and non-addicted children showed no statistically significant di erence (p = 0.817). The relationship between smartphone addiction and physical activity was statistically significant (p < 0.001). Discussion: The interaction e ects between physical activity and smartphone addiction on reaction times showed statistically insignificant (p = 0.25) di erences, showing that physical activity's e ect on reaction times did not depend on smartphone addiction levels. The non-addicted children had significantly higher physical activity levels than the addicted children, indicating that smartphone addiction reduced physical activity.