Genetic and epigenetic alterations in MGMT gene and correlation with concomitant chemoradiotherapy (CRT) in cervical cancer

Purpose The MGMT (O 6 -methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase) gene plays a crucial role in repairing DNA damage caused by alkylating agents, including those used in chemotherapy. Genetic and epigenetic alterations can influence the regulation of MGMT gene, which in turn may impact the response to concomitant chemoradiotherapy (CRT) in cervical cancer. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the correlation of such variations in MGMT gene with the treatment outcome of concomitant chemoradiotherapy (CRT) in cervical cancer. Methods A total of 460 study subjects (240 controls and 220 patients) were subjected to genotypic analysis of MGMT gene variants rs12917(T/C) and rs2308327(A/G) by Amplification Refractory Mutation System-Polymerase Chain Reaction (ARMS-PCR). Out of them, 48 each of controls and patients were analyzed for promoter methylation and expression by methylation-specific PCR and real-time PCR, respectively. Patients ( n = 48) were followed up and evaluated for treatment (CRT) outcome. Statistical analyses were done using GraphPad (9.0) and SPSS version 18.0. Results Individuals with GG genotype, G allele of rs2308327, and haplotype ‘TA’ of both variants showed a significant increase in the development of cervical cancer ( P ≤ 0.05). In epigenetic regulation, there was a significant hypermethylation of MGMT gene and down-regulation of their expression in patients compared to control individuals. In treatment outcome of CRT, GG genotype of rs2308327(A/G) gene variant showed better response and GG + AG was significantly associated with vital status (alive). Unmethylated MGMT gene showed better median overall survival up to 25 months significant in comparison to methylated MGMT promoter. Conclusion Gene variant rs2308327(A/G) and promoter hypermethylation regulated MGMT gene can be a good prognostic for treatment response in cervical cancer patients.