The Influence of Age, Gender and Education on Neuropsychological Test Scores: Updated Clinical Norms for Five Widely Used Cognitive Assessments.

Jannik F Scheffels, Isabell Ballasch,Nadine Scheichel,Martin Voracek,Elke Kalbe,Josef Kessler

Journal of clinical medicine（2023）

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Abstract

We found influences of age, gender and education on test scores, although they are frequently not or only partially considered for test score interpretation. With the provided norms, neuropsychologists can make more profound evaluations of cognitive performance. A user-friendly Microsoft Excel file is offered to assist this process.

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Key words

F-A-S Test (FAS),Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE),Rey–Osterrieth Complex Figure Test (ROCFT),Trail Making Test (TMT),clinical normative data,sociodemographic effects

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