Accelerating DNA computing via freeze-thaw cycling.

DNA computing harnesses the immense potential of DNA molecules to enable sophisticated and transformative computational processes but is hindered by low computing speed. Here, we propose freeze-thaw cycling as a simple yet powerful method for high-speed DNA computing without complex procedures. Through iterative cycles, we achieve a substantial 20-fold speed enhancement in basic strand displacement reactions. This acceleration arises from the utilization of eutectic ice phase as a medium, temporarily increasing the effective local concentration of molecules during each cycle. In addition, the acceleration effect follows the Hofmeister series, where kosmotropic anions such as sulfate (SO) reduce eutectic phase volume, leading to a more notable enhancement in strand displacement reaction rates. Leveraging this phenomenon, freeze-thaw cycling demonstrates its generalizability for high-speed DNA computing across various circuit sizes, achieving up to a remarkable 120-fold enhancement in reaction rates. We envision its potential to revolutionize molecular computing and expand computational applications in diverse fields.