Does cryopreservation of testicular sperm affect ICSI outcomes in azoospermia ?

To evaluate the outcomes of intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) cycles when using fresh versus frozen testicular testicular sperm extraction (TESE) samples in non obstructive and obstructive azoospermia in terms of fertilization, cleavage, embryo quality, implantation and clinical pregnancy rates.A total of one hundred and forty consecutive testicular sperm extraction ICSI cycles were performed at our centre between 2012 and 2018 involving infertile men with obstructive and non-obstructive azoospermia. Fresh TESE samples were used in 56 consecutive ICSI cycles (group 1) and frozen-thawed TESE sperm samples were used in 84 ICSI cycles (group 2).Our two groups were comparable concerning epidemiologic characteristics. There were no significant differences between the fresh TESE group and the frozen TESE group in the rates of fertilization, embryo cleavage rate, average number of, rate of tops embryos, blastocyst formation rate, implantation rate and clinical pregnancy rate (32.1% vs. 35.7%; p = 0 ,62). Correlation between clinical pregnancy rate and the type of the injected sperm (motile/ immotile) was not significant (46, 3% vs. 66, 7%; p = 0, 59).Cryopreservation of testicular sperm seems not to influence ICSI outcomes. Thereby, this alternative is rather efficient in ICSI cycles in azoospermic patients since it may avoid iterative ovarian puncture, especially with non-obstructive azoospermia.