Effect of a Decellularized Omentum Scaffold With Combination of Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Platelet Rich Plasma on Healing of Critical-sized Bone Defect

Abstract Background: High-cost and the long time needed for the treatment of critical-sized bone defects is still major clinical concern in orthopedic surgery, therefore new research continues to identify more cost and time-effective methods. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effect of a decellularized omentum scaffold with a combination of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and mesenchymal stem cells on the healing of critical- sized bone defects. Materlials and methods: Wistar albino rats (n­=30) were investigated in five groups. Critical-sized bone defects were formed on bilateral radius shafts. To increase healing, no scaffold, decellularized omentum, omentum with with PRP and omentum mesenchymal stem cells was used in group 1 (control group) , 2, 3 and 4 respectively. In addition omentum with a combination of mesenchymal stem cells and PRP was used in group 5. After 6 weeks, both radiological and histological healing were evaluated comparatively among groups. Results: After use of decellularized omentum scaffold, vitality of new cells maintained, new bone formation occurred. When compared to control group, radiological healing was statistically significantly better in omentum and omentum with PRP-treated groups (p=0.047). Furthermore histological healing was better in the omentum and omentum with PRP-treated groups than both control and omentum with mesenchymal stem cell-treated groups according to Salkeld Scoring System (p=0.001). Conclusion: The use of decellularized omentum scaffold is suitable in the healing of critical bone defects.