Rapid mode switching facilitates the growth of Trichodesmium: A model analysis

Trichodesmium is one of the dominant dinitrogen(N2)-fixers in the ocean, influencing global carbon and nitrogen cycles through its biochemical reactions. Although the photosynthetic activity of Trichodesmium fluctuates rapidly at the cellular level, the physiological or ecological advantage of this characteristic is not clear. Here we develop a metabolic model of Trichodesmium that can perform dinitrogen (N2) fixation during the daytime. We examined (1) the effect of the duration of switches between photosynthetic and non-photosynthetic cellular states and (2) the effect of the presence and absence of N2 fixation in photosynthetic states. Our results show that a rapid switch between photosynthetic and non-photosynthetic states increases Trichodesmium growth rates by improving metabolic efficiencies due to optimized C and N metabolism. Our results show the possibility and advantage of the rapid switch, providing a strategy for previous observations that all Trichodesmium cells can contain nitrogenase, which was previously considered to be a paradox. This study reveals the importance of fluctuating photosynthetic activity and provides a mechanism for daytime N2 fixation that allows Trichodesmium to fix N2 aerobically in the global ocean. ### Competing Interest Statement The authors have declared no competing interest.