Analysis of Kernel Redundancy for Soft Error Mitigation on Embedded GPUs

The use of state-of-the-art commercial processors such as graphical processing units (GPUs) is becoming increasingly common in the New Space industry to ensure high performance and power efficiency. However, commercial GPUs are not designed to operate in a harsh environment, and therefore, different protection techniques need to be applied to mitigate the effects of radiation, including those produced by single events. This article assesses the effectiveness of redundant kernel execution on tightly constrained embedded GPUs under proton irradiation, with results suggesting a significant improvement in the silent data corruption (SDC) cross Section without penalizing the stability of the whole system. In addition, the posterior error analysis shows that the CPU is the source of the majority of the events, which are mainly dominated by functional interrupts.