Evaluation of the diagnostic efficiency of voided urine fluorescence in situ hybridization for predicting the pathology of preoperative "low-risk" upper tract urothelial carcinoma.

FISH was qualified with relatively high diagnostic estimates for predicting tumor stage and grade of preoperative "low-risk" UTUC, and could be an independent predictive factor in clinical practice. For preoperative "low-risk" UTUC patients but with positive FISH result, choosing nephron-sparing surgery may require special caution.