Uterine Artery Embolization for Adenomyosis: A Review of Imaging, Techniques, Complications and Outcomes

Purpose of Review This review aims to provide a comprehensive summary of the literature regarding the use of uterine artery embolization (UAE) in the treatment of pure adenomyosis and to document indications, results and complications for symptomatic patients who have failed conservative treatment and wish to avoid hysterectomy. Recent Findings There is growing evidence to support UAE as a safe and successful treatment for the treatment of symptomatic pure adenomyosis. Summary Pure adenomyosis has historically been treated with conservative pharmacological treatments including non-steroidal anti-inflammatories, hormonal contraceptive medications, and intrauterine devices. When such treatments have failed, hysterectomy has served as a definitive treatment for patients with symptomatic adenomyosis. However, the use of UAE to treat symptomatic adenomyosis has gained attraction in recent years as a less invasive and uterine sparing procedure, which may prove to be a suitable alternative for patients wishing to avoid hysterectomy. With the low rate of major complications in accordance with the Society of Interventional Radiology (SIR) classification and good success rates, UAE should be proposed as an alternative for patients who have failed medical therapy.