US-Guided Hydrodissection and a Low-Cost Indigenous Retractor Facilitate Endoscopic Thyroid Surgery

Sanjay K. Yadav,S. Bharath,Dhananjaya Sharma

LARYNGOSCOPE（2024）

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摘要

Hydrodissection of plane between thyroid and strap muscles and retraction of strap muscles using a low-cost indigenously made retractor are effective in overcoming technical difficulties in transoral endoscopic thyroid surgery. Laryngoscope, 2023.

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thyroid nodule,thyroid surgery,transoral thyroidectomy,ultrasound,imaging

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