The SYLA Linear Electronic Accelerator–Injector for a Specialized Source of Synchrotron Radiation of the Fourth Generation

Currently, Russia is designing the SYLA (Synchrotron + Laser) fourth-generation synchrotron radiation source, which will become one of the world’s largest scientific centers. Its creation will make it possible to carry out experiments to study the structure of a wide range of objects in various disciplines at a qualitatively new level compared to the previous generation of sources. The general layout of the facility includes the main storage ring for an energy of 6 GeV and a linear electron accelerator (LEA) for full energy. It is proposed to use one LEA with two microwave guns. A microwave gun with a photocathode can be used to generate a beam for a free electron laser (FEL), a microwave gun with a thermionic cathode, for injection into a storage ring. Both injectors will work with the same regular part of the linear accelerator, consisting of 100–120 identical sections. The planned transverse emittance in the main storage ring will be 50–100 pm rad. The development of a general scheme of the LEA in order to minimize the spread of the beam energy and transverse emittance at the output, the optimization of the geometric and electrodynamic characteristics of the accelerating structures, and the analysis of the beam dynamics in this linear accelerator will be discussed in the article. The simulation of the beam dynamics was performed using the BEAMDULAC package developed at the Department of Electrophysical Installations of the National Research Nuclear University MEPhI.