The development of cyclotron-based radiopharmaceuticals: a comprehensive review of 64 Cu and 123 I-radiolabeled urea-based small molecule PSMA ligands

64 Cu and 123 I are attracting attention in taking up their role in the development and practical use of PSMA-targeting radiopharmaceuticals. The development of urea-based small molecule PSMA ligands labeled 64 Cu and 123 I has been progressing steadily with the challenge of obtaining optimal performance as PSMA-targeting radiopharmaceutical for prostate cancer. In this review, the authors provide an overview of recent research projects and future directions for the production of cyclotron-based medical radioisotopes 64 Cu and 123 I, and their application in the development of urea-based small molecule PSMA ligands labeled 64 Cu and 123 I as radiopharmaceuticals for prostate cancer.