Multi-objective Optimization of a Hydrogen-Battery Hybrid Storage System for Offshore Wind Farm Using MOPSO

Recently, offshore wind farms (OWFs) are gaining more and more attention for its high efficiency and yearly energy production capacity. However, the power generated by OWFs has the drawbacks of intermittence and fluctuation, leading to the deterioration of electricity grid stability and wind curtailment. Energy storage is one of the most important solutions to smooth the wind power and capture its surplus. In this paper, we provide a multi-objective optimization approach that combines multi-objective particle swarm optimization and rule-based energy management strategy for an on-gird offshore wind-hydrogen-battery system to simultaneously address the economic (Eco), the qualified rate of smoothing offshore wind power fluctuations (QRS), and the rate of offshore wind power curtailment (ROC). Results revealed that ROC and Eco, QRS and Eco are negatively correlated, but ROC and QRS are positively correlated. The hybrid storage system is more conducive to improve QRS and reduce ROC. Comparing with other three systems, the improvement range for ROC is between 13.6 and 46% when QRS is 100%. In addition, battery storage improves QRS by 2.6%, hydrogen storage deteriorates Eco by 86.8% and improve ROC by 38.5%, the change of ROC and QRS brings by transmission project are close to 100% and 4.4%.