Exploring a reversible NOR from a 4 × 4 modified Fredkin gate and its optical mapping using a LiNbO 3 -based MZI

The extensive search for the implementation of reversible logic using emerging technologies has paved the way for the rise of optical computing. The Mach–Zehnder interferometer (MZI), an optical switch capable of driving an input optical signal to a certain output port, has evolved as a potential candidate to represent any Boolean logic. In this paper, the electro-optic (EO) effect of a titanium-diffused lithium niobate-based MZI is used to derive a reversible NOR operation from a 4 × 4 modified Fredkin gate, which is used to configure a 1-bit full adder, as a benchmark module. The normalized power modelling at the output ports of the designs is carried out and validated through MATLAB. The layout of the proposed device is also designed for simulation under a beam propagation method, and the performance metrics are analysed as a function of various influencing factors.