Toward superior lithium/sodium storage performance: design and construction of novel TiO 2 -based anode materials

TiO 2 -based materials have been considered as one of most promising alternatives for high-performance Li(Na)-ion batteries because of the low cost, simple composition, easy synthesis, good environmental protection, excellent safety and relatively high specific capacity. Nonetheless, the inferior electronic conductivity and poor ion diffusion coefficients are the biggest bottlenecks that restrict the popular application. Much effort has been focused on resolving these problems toward large-scale applications, and numerous significant advances have been accomplished. In the present work, a comprehensive overview of structure characteristics, electrochemical reaction mechanism and modification strategies of TiO 2 -based materials was presented. The recent advances of various efficient ways for improving conductivity, Li(Na) storage capacity, rate capability and cycle stability are systematically summarized, including surface engineering, constructing composite and element doping, etc. Constructing TiO 2 -based materials with novel porous heterogeneous core–shell structures have been regarded as one of the most effective ways to resolve these challenges. Finally, the future research directions and development prospects of TiO 2 -based anode materials used in the manufacture of high-performance Li(Na)-ion batteries are prospected. This review can provide important comprehension for the construction and optimization of high-performance of TiO 2 -based anode materials. 摘要 TiO 2 基材料因其成本低、组成简单、易合成、环保、安全性好、相对较高的比容量等优点, 被认为是高性能锂(钠)离子电池最有希望的替代材料之一。然而, 较低的电子电导率和较差的离子扩散系数是限制其广泛应用的最大瓶颈。为了解决这些大规模应用问题, 人们付出了大量的努力, 并取得了许多重大进展。本文综述了TiO 2 基材料的结构特点、电化学反应机理和性能改性策略, 系统总结了近年来提高电导率、储锂(钠)容量、倍率性能和循环稳定性的各种有效途径, 包括表面工程、构建复合材料和元素掺杂等。其中, 构建新型多孔异质核壳结构的TiO 2 基材料被认为是解决这些挑战的最有效途径之一。最后, 展望了用于高性能锂(钠)离子电池用TiO 2 基负极材料的未来研究方向和发展前景。本文为高性能TiO 2 基负极材料的构建和优化提供了重要的参考依据。 Graphic abstract