Medium temperature sintered BaTiO 3 -based X8R ceramics with Bi 2 O 3 –TiO 2 –ZnO–H 2 BO 3 additive

Lead-free medium temperature sintering BaTiO 3 -based X8R ceramic materials were obtained by sintering with addition of nano-size Bi 2 O 3 –TiO 2 –ZnO–H 2 BO 3 (BTZB), which was synthesised successfully via a sol–gel method. and showed high activity and great dispersion properties. Moreover, the dielectric property and bulk densities was also influenced by the BTZB nanopowder content. The results indicate that BTZB nanopowders can be used as a sintering aid to reduce the sintering temperature of BaTiO 3 from 1300 to 1150 °C without secondary phase formation. The 4 wt% BTZB-doped sample which sintered at 1150 °C showed super dielectric properties that the dielectric constant ε r = 3186 at 25 °C and dielectric loss was lower than 1.5%. the temperature stability was also improved, temperature coefficient of capacitance less than ±15% from −55 to 150 °C, meeting X8R standard.