Does the use of postoperative brace help preventing mechanical complications following adult deformity surgery?

Purpose There is scarce information regarding the effectiveness of postoperative braces in decreasing mechanical complications and reinterventions following adult deformity surgery. Methods Retrospective matched cohort study from a prospective adult deformity multicenter database. We selected operated patients, fused to the pelvis, > 6 instrumented levels, and minimum 2 year follow-up. Three hundred and eighty patients were separated into two groups (Brace—3 months TLSO—vs No Brace) and then matched controlling for age, gender and frailty. We studied demographic, intraoperative, and postoperative spinopelvic parameters. Both groups were compared regarding complications and reinterventions in the first 2 postoperative years, using univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis. Results We finally analyzed 359 matched patients, mean age of 65.3 ± 8.9 years, frailty-index (0.43 ± 0.15), and mostly females (84%). 224 patients wore a postoperative brace (B) and 135 didn’t (NoB). They showed no difference in intraoperative variables and postoperative spinopelvic alignment. They differed ( P < 0.05) in: Pelvic incidence (B:58° ± 13 vs NoB:54.5° ± 13); BMI (B:25.8 ± 4 vs NoB:27.4 ± 5); upper instrumented vertebra (B:81.7% T8-L1 vs NoB:72.6% T8-L1), and the use of multiple rods (B:47.3% vs NoB:18.5%). Univariate analysis showed a higher rate of mechanical complications and reinterventions when not using a brace. As well as higher NRS—back and leg pain at 6 weeks. However, multivariate analysis selected the use of multiple rods as the only independent factor protecting against mechanical complications (OR: 0.38; CI 95% 0.22–0.64) and reinterventions (OR: 0.41; CI 95% 0.216–0.783). Conclusion After controlling for potential confounders, our study could not identify the protective effect of postoperative braces preventing mechanical complications and reinterventions in the first two postoperative years.