Proton and Electron Ultrahigh-Dose-Rate Isodose Irradiations Produce Differences in Reactive Oxygen Species Yields

Interpretation of ROS assays and oxygen consumption is notoriously challenging. These assays might be interpreted by their most activating species' lifetime. The assay for highly reactive OH●, appeared independent of beamline, whereas the assays for the longer lived HO species and DpO assay showed differences between beamlines via the UHDR/CDR ratio. This work can be used for FLASH hypothesis testing by comparing these assays to isodose biological FLASH effects in vivo.