Toxicity of Polymeric Nanodrugs as Drug Carriers

Theambiguity of certain diseases and the potential toxicity ofmany medications have sparked demand for the incorporation and enhancementof drug delivery systems (DDSs). Nanomedicine has received renewedattention in modern medical advancements with therapeutic uses. Therefore,the development of nanomedicines for enhanced bioaccessibility, longdrug administration, and dose reduction has advanced as a unique concept.Nanocapsules, nanoemulsions, drug nanocrystals, micelles, solid lipidnanoparticles (SLNs), and polymeric nanoparticles (poly-NPs) are amongthe most effective nanomedicine techniques. Poly-NPs have emergedas a potential method to enhance drug pharmacokinetics. Pharmaceuticalpotency can be increased by using nanocarriers and medication formulations.The potential of poly-NPs to alter contemporary medicine has attractedsignificant interest; polymer adaptability makes them suitable forsite-specific drug delivery requirements. However, little is knownabout their safety in long-term studies using high-pitched doses.These cells exhibit some extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS) because ofthe reactivity and size reduction of the polymers chosen by usingliving cells other than the target. With an increased understandingof polymers and their properties, it is equally important to emphasizethe safety and toxicity of DDSs. Some of the toxic effects of polymericnanodrugs include an increase in the cytotoxicity of the cell, reductionin the feasibility of the cell, increase in the rate of programmedcell death (apoptosis), precursors for tumor formation, DNA destruction,gene toxicity, rupture of the cell membrane, and lipid peroxidationreactions. In this article, we discuss the toxicity of nanoparticles(NPs) used in DDSs, including polylactide-co-glycolide,polylactic acid, polycaprolactone, and poly(alkyl cyanoacrylates),used in DDSs.