A Sustainable Port-Hinterland Container Transport System: The Simulation-Based Scenarios for CO₂ Emission Reduction

This paper calculates the CO2 emissions for the port-hinterland container transport system and proposes possible emission reduction measures. This paper considers the Dhaka-Chittagong port-hinterland transport system in Bangladesh. The port-hinterland transport system represents 70% of the total international maritime containerised trade, including more than 2.0 million twenty-foot equivalent units (TEUs) per year. By implementing different scenarios using a simulation approach, this research suggests a substantial reduction in CO2 emissions for the port-hinterland transport system. The scenarios include infrastructure development and performance and operational efficiency improvement in the port and modal shift for the hinterland. In formulating the scenarios, the current performance statistics of the port and its hinterland as well as the possibility of the implementation of these scenarios are carefully analysed. The findings depict that Bangladesh could significantly contribute to the reduction in port-hinterland CO2 emissions by implementing the suggested scenarios.