A Study of the Fabrication of Different-Dimensional Metal–Organic Frameworks and Their Hybrid Composites for Novel Applications

The term "organic and inorganic composite porous materials" refers to metal–organic frameworks. Due to their low density and high porosity, MOFs have an enormous surface area that can be used to store and aggregate many molecules. The pore size may work as a grid to segregate molecules. Changing the materials' inherent characteristics is advantageous because MOFs are porous. Over the past 10 years, several hybrid MOFs containing polymer compounds, carbon-based substances, metal nanoparticles, metal oxides of metal, & biomolecules have been reported for use in various applications. Electronic components, detectors, storage of energy, separation of gases, capacitors, medication delivery, and environmental remediation have all been made using MOFs. The initial part of this review has been devoted to discussing the extraordinary qualities, distinctive architectural orientation, & contemporary uses of MOFs as well as their permeability, equilibrium, and additional determining elements. Additionally, several methods & processes used in the creation & development of MOFs are discussed, including solvothermal, electrochemical, mechanochemical, ultrasonication, & microwave approaches. Various approaches have been used to generate various dimensional MOFs like OD, 1D, etc. & their combined substances were additionally provided, in demand to comprehend the methodical viability of MOFs in generating novel goods. The opportunities for MOFs in the future, as well as the problems still to be solved, research gaps, and potential solutions, have all been discussed. These include the improved design of experiments, mathematical models, simulated approaches, and conceptual notions. Graphical Abstract