DSOLMap, a novel high-resolution global digital soil property map for the SWAT plus model: Development and hydrological evaluation

This research paper addresses the ongoing challenge of developing fine-resolution global digital soil property maps for hydrological modelling applications. Hydrological models are essential for understanding watershed dynamics and the impact of human activities on water resources. Soil data, which plays a crucial role in the hydrological cycle, is a requisite model input. Global digital soil property maps usually have coarse spatial resolutions, adding considerable uncertainty to hydrological models despite calibration efforts. To address this issue, a new global digital soil property map with 250 m spatial resolution, known as Digital Soil Open Land Map (DSOLMap), was developed and evaluated in this study. The DSOLMap has a finer spatial resolution than existing global soil maps and a more detailed soil profile divided into six soil horizons. This new high-resolution global digital soil property map was tailored to the SWAT + model format. SWAT + is the latest released version of the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT), one of the most comprehensive hydrological models, and is widely used worldwide. A hydrological evaluation was conducted with the DSOLMap and its results were compared to two other global soil databases using the SWAT + model in a basin located in the north of Spain. The findings showed that using more detailed, finer-resolution soil data, such as those that the DSOLMap offers, improved the hydrological performance of the SWAT + model on a daily scale before and after calibration and validation procedures. The DSOLMap represents a global step forward in hydrological modelling, notably for regions with scarce or unavailable soil information. This new digital soil property map can help decision-makers address global challenges related to water resources and environmental issues through hydrological modelling.