Role of macrophages in islet inflammation during type 2 diabetes

Macrophages are present in large number in islets of Langerhans of diabetic patients. They are the main source of pro-inflammatory cytokines which contribute to beta cell dysfunction in type 2 diabetes (T2D). However, macrophages play also an essential role in the development and plasticity of the endocrine pancreas. The objective of this article is to present a brief overview of the role of macrophages and cytokines, both as trophic agents for beta cells, and as deleterious mediators, through their role in the development of overt islet inflammation and beta cell dysfunction. Understanding the role of macrophages in these processes is an important step for the development of effective anti-inflammatory approaches for the treatment of T2D.