Comparative Analysis of Novel Iron Oxide Nanoparticles Synthesized by Different Approaches with Evaluation of Their Antibacterial Activities

In this study, stable novel iron oxide nanoparticles (IO-NPs) were synthesized via chemical and green methods. In the chemical method, p-aminobenzoic acid (AB), diacetyl monoxime (DIA), and adenosine 5-monophosphate disodium (AD) were used as stabilized ligands, whereas the extract of Teucrium apollinis was used in the green synthesis method. The effect of these stabilized ligands on the size, stability, and antibacterial activity of IO-NPs was carried out. The synthesized IO-NPs were characterized using UV-Visible absorption spectroscopy (UV-Vis), dynamic light scattering (DLS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and attenuated Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR). IO-NPs offered spherical shapes with small sizes (5 nm, 6 nm, 8 nm, and 34 nm) for IO-NPs functionalized by DIA, AD, AB, and Teucrium apollinis, respectively. This study shows a relationship between the type of NPs and Pseudomonas aeruginosa growth. The IO-NP functionalized by plant extract has a higher antibacterial effect than IO-NPs chemically synthesized. Because it has more infinity toward bacteria cells than other NP, it has a high ability to penetrate the membrane of bacterial cells. The use of Teucrium apollinis extract could be an eco-friendly way to synthesize IO-NP that offers a novel and potential alternative to chemically synthesized IO-NP.