Returnee Ventures: Uncertainty, Political and Business Relationships, and Performance

Returnee ventures, despite their assumed advantages, may experience great uncertainty at the home market due to the lack of local networks and relationships. Based on network approach, this study investigates how returnee ventures respond to the uncertainty by taking advantage of the political and business relationships established in home country. The findings suggest that political relationships play a predominantly role in handling home country uncertainty, and indirectly impact on the performance of returnee ventures via the mediating effect of business relationships. Meanwhile, business relationships of returnee ventures directly influence their business performance.