Research on The Regulation Mechanism of Exosomes on Testicular Microenvironment and Its Application Progress br

Exosomes are a class of small vesicles composed of bioactive bilayer lipids,which can carry different types of information substances and bind to recipient cells.Through information transmission and substance exchange,exosomes can inducechanges in the phenotype of recipient cells.This article summarized the various mechanisms of exosomes in maintaining testicularmicroenvironment homeostasis,such as promoting cell proliferation in the testicular microenvironment by regulating cytokines,regulating cellular immunity to maintain the testis immune environment,regulating oxidative stress to repair the recipient cellfunction,regulating autophagy to improve spermatogenesis,regulating cell apoptosis to improve spermatogenesis,and regulatingcytokines to influence testosterone secretion.Then,the preventive,diagnostic and therapeutic effects of exosomes in andrologydiseases were highlighted.Exosomes have obvious advantages in the diagnosis and treatment of infertility,erectile dysfunction,varicocele,hypogonadism,prostate cancer and other diseases.With the continuous advance in exosome engineering,exosomeextraction,as well as research on the related mechanisms,the clinical application of exosomes,as an emerging applied substance,isexpected to become a new treatment approach for andrological diseases