Understanding Pain in Individuals with Spinal Cord Injury Implications for Recreational Therapy Practice
THERAPEUTIC RECREATION JOURNAL(2023)
Abstract
For individuals with spinal cord injury, pain is the leading secondary health condition. SCI-related pain is complicated because it is multifaceted in nature. Individuals with SCI-related pain may experience visceral, neuropathic, and musculoskeletal pain at different locations and with varying intensities at the same time or intermittently. In recent years, SCI scholars created a taxonomy to classify SCI-related pain. This classification was to communicate the complexity of SCI-related pain, as well as to help clinicians and individuals with SCI explain pain experiences. Because of the multifaceted nature of SCI-related pain, many individuals with SCI do not experience relief with conventional oral pharmacological options. The purpose of this manuscript is to describe pain and SCI-related pain and to provide implications for recreational therapy practice. Implications include the identification of potential reliable and valid pain measures for individuals with SCI and evidence-based interventions such as physical activity, complementary and alternative therapies, and multidisciplinary pain management techniques to manage SCI-related pain.Recommendations for research and practice note continuing needs to gather evidence on treatment time and recreational therapy interventions employed with SCI-related pain while developing and testing pain management protocols.
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Key words
Pain, pain management techniques, therapeutic recreation, recreational therapy, SCI-related pain
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