Nanozyme-Based Remodeling of Disease Microenvironments for Disease Prevention and Treatment: A Review

Nanomaterialsthat can mimic the activity of various enzymes havebeen studied extensively in the biomedical field in recent years.Nanozymes offer better stability and economic value in comparisonto natural enzymes. Additionally, nanozymes have characteristics ofnanomaterials, such as photothermal properties and designability,and therefore have considerable potential. The cellular microenvironmentprovides the basis for maintaining normal cell growth and function.Increasing evidence shows that imbalances in the homeostasis of thecellular microenvironment constitute a major factor in the developmentof many diseases. Nanozymes have received considerable attention inrecent years as regulators of the cellular microenvironment. In thisReview, research on the use of nanozymes to remodel the disease microenvironmentis discussed. First, the definition, classification, and enzyme-likeactivities of nanozymes are introduced; several major disease microenvironmentsare summarized including tumor, inflammatory, and trauma microenvironments.The role of nanozymes in disease microenvironments and the main strategiesfor constructing intelligent and responsive nanozyme systems are discussed.The specific applications of nanozymes in remodeling the diseasedmicroenvironment are highlighted. Finally, the therapeutic strategiesof nanozymes to remodel the disease microenvironment are summarizedand prospected. Nanozyme disease microenvironment remodeling is expectedto become a major therapeutic strategy or an adjunct for the preventionand treatment of related diseases.