Tilapia, high socio-economic cichlid fish, as host of trematode parasites with zoonotic potential

The production and consumption of tilapia (Cichlidae) is very popular in the world, so the safety of the meat produced must be ensured given the potential risk of zoonotic transmission of parasites; For this reason, the objective of this work was to carry out a bibliographic review on the prevalence, distribution and hosts that intervene in the life cycle of trematode helminths that can be transmitted zoonotically in the consumption of tilapia. The bibliographic review was carried out with six specialized search engines. 1,044 articles were analyzed, of which 113 included epidemiological data. Tilapia was reported as the intermediate host of 15 species of trematodes that affect humans, 6 parasites were reported at the genus level and 2 parasites at the family level. The described flukes belong to the families Heterophyidae and Opisthorchiidae. Reported prevalences range from 1% in infections by Haplorchis pumilio and Centrocestus formosanus to 93.64% in multiparasitic infections by Haplorchis yokogawi, Pygidiopsis genata and Phagicola ascolonga. Although the biodiversity of documented helminths in tilapia is abundant, the available information is still insufficient, situating tilapia as a potential transmitter of these helminths in humans.