The role of TGF-b in the tumor microenvironment of pancreatic cancer

Pancreatic cancer (PC) is an aggressive malignant tumor with low rate of surgical resection and poor prognosis. Transforming growth factor-13 (TGF-13) is a cytokine that has both protumor and antitumor activities, depending on tumor microenvironment. The interaction between TGF-13 signaling and the tumor microenvironment in PC is complex. Here, we reviewed the role of TGF-13 in the tumor microenvironment of PC, highlighting producers of TGF-13 and TGF-13 responders in the tumor microenvironment of PC. & COPY; 2022 The Authors. Publishing services by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of KeAi Communications Co., Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons. org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).