Incorporating big data and IoT in intelligent ecosystems: state-of-the-arts, challenges and opportunities, and future directions

The present study discusses big data (BD) and Internet of Things (IoT)-based applications in intelligent ecosystems. The purpose of these areas is to identify important application domains, recent development, and data architectures, and to handle any challenges that arise. To our knowledge, this is the first systematic literature review (SLR) of this kind, reviewing research works published in peer-reviewed venues between 2011 and 2022 utilizing a 4-step selection technique of recognition, monitoring, eligibility, and selection. To study these records, an SLR was conducted, and six key research questions (RQs) were answered. The findings suggest that merging BD and IoT technology opens up new opportunities for intelligent ecosystem applications that monitor, protect, and improve natural resources in the real world. Among the topics covered in this survey are intelligent environment analysis, intelligent farming, ultraprecision agriculture, industrial IoTs, and intelligent disaster warning. Finally, we review the most frequently used BD and IoT approaches, which we believe will serve as a platform for future transdisciplinary research in intelligent environments and smart cities.