BaTiO 3 -Bi(Mg 3/4 W 1/4 )O 3 lead-free relaxor ferroelectric ceramics with improved energy storage properties

In this study, (1− x )BaTiO 3 – x Bi(Mg 3/4 W 1/4 )O 3 [(1− x )BT– x BMW] lead-free ceramics have been prepared via solid-state reaction method. X-ray patterns indicated that the as-obtained ceramics show perovskite structure without the formation of a second phase and tetragonal phase of BT transformed into a pseudo-cubic phase via introduction of BMW. The grain size and density of the samples were observed by SEM, average grain size of the ceramics gradually decreased from 3.75 μm at x = 0.05 to 2.54 μm at x = 0.15, but it increased to 2.83 µm at x = 20. It was observed from P-E hysteresis loops that modification with appropriate amount of BMW was an effective approach to modulate relaxation behavior of BT, subsequently its energy-storage performance was promoted. Improved energy-storage performance of W rec = 1.71 J cm −3 and η = 91.97% can be achieved in the 0.85BT–0.15BMW ceramics, accompanied with outstanding temperature (20–120 °C) and frequency (1–100 Hz) stabilities. (1 − x )BT– x BMW ceramic is expected to be a potential candidate for energy-storage equipments with high stability.