Enabling Data Interoperability for Decentralized, Smart, and Connected Health Applications.

The digitization of healthcare is increasing, providing a wealth of data that can improve patient care and outcomes. However, different systems and formats often silo this data, presenting a significant challenge to achieving a connected and interoperable healthcare ecosystem. Data interoperability is crucial for realizing the full potential of smart and connected health, which can improve patient outcomes and reduce costs. In this paper, we describe the key concepts and technologies enabling interoperability, including health information exchange, interoperability standards, and application programming interfaces enabling connected health applications built on blockchains. We also discuss the challenges and barriers to achieving data interoperability, such as privacy and security concerns, organizational and cultural barriers, and technical limitations. Furthermore, we highlight the benefits of data interoperability in healthcare, such as better patient outcomes, improved population health management, reduced costs, and increased efficiency. Finally, we discuss the potential future of data interoperability in healthcare, including the role of emerging privacy-preserving technologies.