Malacological remains from the Sambaqui da Tarioba (Rio das Ostras – RJ, Brazil): Marine mollusc biodiversity in the recent Holocene

•Rényi series showed mollusc diversity varying along 550 years of settlement.•The taxonomic structure of mollusc from sambaqui was similar to a random sampling.•Malacological diversity from sambaquis keeps a signal from Holocene biodiversity.•Results support the relevance of zooarchaeological remains for biodiversity studies.•Interpretation of fossils communities as proxies of past biodiversity is supported.