Mechanical Hemolytic Anemia Associated With Mitral Valve Repair: A Case Report With Literature Review

Hemolytic anemia could be caused by several conditions, depending on intrinsic or extrinsic defects of the erythrocyte. The latter group includes mechanical intravascular hemolysis, generally related to malfunctioning prosthetic heart valves or, rarely, heart valves repair.We describe a case of a child with Down syndrome, who developed hemolytic anemia after mitral valve repair. We observed that this condition is a rare complication in pediatrics, with only 7 cases reported in literature.Mechanical hemolysis should always be considered in the differential diagnosis of a new-onset hemolytic anemia, especially in patients with valvular heart disease, undergoing cardiac surgery.