3D Printers Don't Fix Themselves: How Maintenance is Part of Digital Fabrication

Digital fabrication practice such as 3D printing has increasingly moved into home and hobbyist environments. Beyond running machines, practitioners in these settings undertake maintenance and repair. However, acquiring the skills necessary for machine maintenance is a non-trivial process contingent on experience, equipment, and materials. We seek to better understand how practitioners develop the skills necessary to maintain their 3D printers. We collect interview and survey data from active members of online 3D printing communities to conceptualize themes to characterize current maintenance practice. We fnd that maintenance is core to our participants' 3D printing practice: practitioners develop maintenance routines that formalize tacit understandings of fabrication processes, advance expertise during required acts of repair, and rely on hands-on testing to reconcile diferences between physical prints and digital models. Given our fndings, we argue for considering maintenance as a core part of digital fabrication, and discuss implications for the design of future digital fabrication systems.